Note: In the United States, the FAA issues pilot "certificates," not "licenses." You'll hear both terms used interchangeably, but the official term is certificate. All requirements are defined in 14 CFR Part 61.
Student Pilot Certificate
FreeAllows solo flight under the direct supervision and endorsement of a CFI. Obtained through the FAA IACRA system — no test required.
Medical required: Third Class minimum.
Sport Pilot Certificate
Limited to Light Sport Aircraft (max 1,320 lbs, 2 seats, simple systems). VFR only, daytime only, max 10,000 ft MSL or 2,000 ft AGL.
Medical: Valid US driver's license accepted (no FAA medical required). Knowledge test + practical test required.
Recreational Pilot Certificate
A rarely-used intermediate certificate between Sport and Private. Limited to single-engine aircraft under 180 HP, within 50 nm of home airport, no flying in Class B/C/D without endorsement.
Most students skip directly to Private Pilot — the incremental cost is minimal and the privileges are far greater.
Private Pilot Certificate (PPL)
The most common starting point for serious pilots. Allows flight in any single-engine aircraft (with appropriate endorsements), day and night, VFR, with passengers. No compensation allowed.
Requirements: 40 hours total (35 Part 141), knowledge test, practical test. Third Class medical minimum.
Instrument Rating (IR)
Add-on rating to Private or Commercial certificate. Authorizes flight in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), IFR flight plan filing, and approach procedures.
Requirements: 50 XC PIC hours, 40 instrument hours, knowledge test, practical test.
Commercial Pilot Certificate (CPL)
Required to fly for compensation or hire. Higher precision standards and more complex maneuvers than Private certificate. Gateway to an aviation career.
Requirements: 250 hours total (190 Part 141), knowledge test, practical test. Second Class medical.
Certified Flight Instructor (CFI / CFII / MEI)
Allows you to provide flight instruction for compensation. CFI = single-engine instruction. CFII = instrument instruction. MEI = multi-engine instruction. Each requires its own knowledge test and practical test.
Requirements: Commercial + Instrument rating, FOI and FIA written tests, spin endorsement, practical test.
Airline Transport Pilot (ATP)
Required to serve as PIC (Captain) of an airline aircraft operating under Part 121. The highest level of FAA pilot certification. ATP First Officer privileges require only 1,000–1,500 hours depending on R-ATP eligibility.
Requirements: 1,500 hours total (1,000 military; 1,000 with qualifying aviation degree), CTP course, knowledge test, practical test. First Class medical.
Ready to Start Your Aviation Journey?
Parrish Aviation — FAA Part 141 Flight School at Dallas Executive Airport (KRBD)
